A useful guide on the different Haplogroups:

Biallelic SNP markers are single base-pair mutations (polymorphisms)
that occur at different Y-chromosome locations about once every 7000
years. SNP=Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. There are 153 known
haplogroups. Haplotypes defined by the 25 STR markers are subgroups under the haplogroups.

Short Haplogroup Definitions:

• Haplogroup B is one of the oldest Y-chromosome lineages
  in humans. Haplogroup B is found exclusively in Africa. This lineage
  was the first to disperse around Africa. There is current
  archaeological evidence supporting a major population expansion in
  Africa approximately 90-130 thousand years ago. It has been proposed
  that this event may have spread Haplogroup B throughout Africa.
  Haplogroup B appears at low frequency all around Africa, but is at its
  highest frequency in Pygmy populations.
  

• Haplogroup C is
  found throughout mainland Asia, the south Pacific, and at low frequency
  in Native American populations. Haplogroup C originated in southern
  Asia and spread in all directions. This lineage colonized New Guinea,
  Australia, and north Asia, and currently is found with its highest
  diversity in populations of India.
  

• Haplogroup C3 is
  believed to have originated in southeast or central Asia. This lineage
  then spread into northern Asia, and then into the Americas.
  

• Haplogroup D2
  most likely derived from the D lineage in Japan. It is completely
  restricted to Japan, and is a very diverse lineage within the
  aboriginal Japanese and in the Japanese population around Okinawa.
  

• Haplogroup E3a
  is an Africa lineage. It is currently hypothesized that this haplogroup
  dispersed south from northern Africa within the last 3,000 years, by
  the Bantu agricultural expansion. E3a is also the most common lineage
  among African Americans.
  

• Haplogroup E3b is believed to
  have evolved in the Middle East. It expanded into the Mediterranean
  during the Pleistocene Neolithic expansion. It is currently distributed
  around the Mediterranean, southern Europe, and in north and east Africa.
  

• Haplogroup G
  may have originated in India or Pakistan, and has dispersed into
  central Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. The G2 branch of this
  lineage (containing the P15 mutation) is found most often in Europe and
  the Middle East.
  

• Haplogroup H is nearly completely restricted to India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan.
  

• Haplogroups I, I1, and I1a
  are nearly completely restricted to northwestern Europe. These would
  most likely have been common within Viking populations. One lineage of
  this group extends down into central Europe.
  

• Haplogroup I1b
  was derived within Viking/Scandinavian populations in northwest Europe
  and has since spread down into southern Europe where it is present at
  low frequencies.
  

• Haplogroup J is found at highest
  frequencies in Middle Eastern and north African populations where it
  most likely evolved. This marker has been carried by Middle Eastern
  traders into Europe, central Asia, India, and Pakistan.
  

• Haplogroup J2
  originated in the northern portion of the Fertile Crescent where it
  later spread throughout central Asia, the Mediterranean, and south into
  India. As with other populations with Mediterranean ancestry this
  lineage is found within Jewish populations. The Cohen modal lineage is
  found in Haplogroup J2.
  

• Haplogroup Q is the lineage that
  links Asia and the Americas. This lineage is found in North and Central
  Asian populations as well as native Americans. This lineage is believed
  to have originated in Central Asia and migrated through the
  Altai/Baikal region of northern Eurasia into the Americas.
  

• Haplogroup Q3
  is the only lineage strictly associated with native American
  populations. This haplogroup is defined by the presence of the M3
  mutation (also known as SY103). This mutation occurred on the Q lineage
  8-12 thousand years ago as the migration into the Americas was
  underway. There is some debate as to on which side of the Bering Strait
  this mutation occurred, but it definitely happened in the ancestors of
  the Native American peoples.
  

• Haplogroup R1a is believed
  to have originated in the Eurasian Steppes north of the Black and
  Caspian Seas. This lineage is believed to have originated in a
  population of the Kurgan culture, known for the domestication of the
  horse (approximately 3000 B.C.E.). These people were also believed to
  be the first speakers of the Indo-European language group. This lineage
  is currently found in central and western Asia, India, and in Slavic
  populations of Eastern Europe.
  

• Haplogroup R1b is the
  most common haplogroup in European populations. It is believed to have
  expanded throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last
  glacial maximum 10-12 thousand years ago. This lineage is also the
  haplogroup containing the Atlantic modal haplotype (HG1).
  

2005 Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree:



Maps of the world showing the distribution of Y chromosome and the MTDNA haplogroups throughout the world:


Source:
http://www.scs.uiuc.edu/~mcdonald/Wo...groupsMaps.pdf